Heraldo de Madrid - After Armani, Italian fashion houses are in flux

After defending his independence throughout his life, the legendary designer, who died this month aged 91, has entrusted his heirs with the task of selling his group.

He cited French companies L'Oreal and LVMH as potential buyers of his multi-million-euro empire, which spans from hotels to haute couture, as well Franco-Italian eyewear giant EssilorLuxottica.

Failing that, his will states the company should be listed on the stock market.

This year also saw the departure of Donatella Versace from the house she ran for three decades, shortly before it was acquired by Prada.

"These are the last years of the first generation of Italian designers. We're in the middle of a major reshuffle," the manager of a major Milanese house told AFP this week on the margins of fashion week.

Roberto Cavalli, the king of sexy dresses and animal prints since the 1970s, also died last year.

But his company had since 2019 belonged to an Emirati conglomerate -- reflecting a wider trend.

In 2012, 76.8 percent of Italian fashion companies with annual revenues exceeding 50 million euros were still managed by the founding family.

This fell to 57 percent in 2022, according to a survey by the Aub Observatory published in 2024.

- French giants -

Over the past 30 years, many of Italy's top fashion names have been snapped up by foreign groups, notably French giants Kering, which owns Gucci and Bottega Veneta, and LVMH, which counts Fendi and Loro Piana among its brands.

Shoe company Sergio Rossi is owned by China's Lanvin Group, and Golden Goose by a London-based private equity fund.

Iconic names such as Dolce & Gabbana and Missoni remain independent, as does Brunello Cucinelli, but their size is limited.

The largest of them, Prada -- with 76-year-old Miuccia Prada still at the helm -- is eyeing combined revenues of around six billion euros after its deal with Versace.

This is far from the 84.7 billion euros in revenue expected by LVMH in 2024 or the 17.2 billion euros of Kering.

Luca Solca, an expert in luxury at Bernstein, said that, despite a few attempts in the past, "Italy didn't have an inspired businessman that could potentially aggregate a conglomerate".

Armani was better than many at building a major brand, but in the end, appeared to have decided there was nobody after him to run it, Solca told AFP.

But the luxury market is changing, and not just because of the hit from a slowdown in Chinese consumer spending.

Some see this as an opportunity for smaller Italian brands.

Bernardo Bertoldi, an economics professor at the University of Turin, said that LVMH and Kering capitalised on the rise of new, rich consumers in Asia and the Middle East, providing an accessible place for luxury goods.

"With a more evolved, more sophisticated consumer, they will stop shopping at the luxury supermarket and go looking for the best high-heeled shoe artisan," he told AFP.

Italian brands make much of their artisanal offerings, with Tod's bringing in a dozen craftsmen and women for their catwalk show on Friday to show guests how handmade handbags and shoes are made.

And in this world, Bertoldi says price is no issue.

- Sartorial codes -

Amid an increasingly competitive market, many big brands have installed new creative leads who are debuting this season, from Gucci, Versace and Bottega Veneta, Chanel and Dior.

But Ian Griffiths, lead designer at Max Mara who has been with the family-owned Italian brand since 1987, questioned what this meant for a brand's heritage -- a key selling point.

"I really feel for those designers who get thrown into a house and have to prove themselves within a season or two, produce instant results," the Briton told AFP backstage after his Milan show.

"Because, you know, what happens to the heritage? I had 20 years to learn the Max Mara sartorial codes before I was let loose on any kind of decision making."

Milan Fashion Week wraps up on Monday.

Z.Quintana--HdM